Mateusz Brzeziński

BioNTech/Pfizer og Moderna’s COVID-19 mRNA-vacciner opnåede op til 95% effektivitet, med over 13 milliarder doser leveret globalt på to år. FDA godkendte i maj 2024 Moderna’s RSV-vaccine til ældre, den første ikke-COVID mRNA-vaccine. Moderna’s personlige kræftvaccine viste 44% lavere risiko for tilbagefald eller død ved melanom i 2023. Flere mRNA-influenzavacciner nåede fase 3 i 2024.

Broadcom in 2023 demonstrated switch prototypes with integrated optical I/O at 25.6 Tb/s and 51.2 Tb/s. Ayar Labs in 2024 unveiled an 8 Tbps optical I/O chiplet and raised $155 million from Nvidia, AMD, and Intel. Lightmatter launched a $400 million Series D for photonic AI chips. Celestial AI acquired Rockley Photonics IP for $20 million and over 200 patents in October 2024.

Active vibration isolators adjust stiffness or damping in real time using sensors, controllers, and actuators, unlike passive isolators with fixed properties. Laboratory vibration tables cancel low frequencies below 1 Hz with advanced control. MR-based and hybrid isolators shift properties instantly for vehicles and buildings. The active desktop isolator market was valued at $250 million in 2024.

Over 1,000 hydrogen patents and 70,000 commercial fuel cell forklifts are in use at Amazon and Walmart as of 2025. Toyota’s Tri-Gen in Long Beach produces 2.3 MW electricity and 1,200 kg hydrogen daily. Hyundai XCIENT trucks in Europe have logged over 15 million kilometers. Global hydrogen stations number around 1,000, with Germany and Japan leading installations.

CO₂ levels reached about 426 ppm in 2024. UC Berkeley researchers discovered ZnH-MFU-4l, a MOF that captures CO₂ at 300°C with over 90% efficiency. Climeworks’ Mammoth DAC plant in Iceland began operation in 2024, with a capacity of 36,000 tons per year. The US DOE announced $1.8 billion in new funding for up to nine DAC plants and related infrastructure.

Xiaomis “Dark Factory” i Changping producerer foldbare telefoner med én enhed hvert tredje sekund på 11 fuldautomatiske linjer, hvor alle nøgleprocesser styres af robotter. Teslas Gigafactory Berlin anvender AI-drevne robotter og digital koordinering af data i realtid. McKinsey anslår Industri 4.0’s værdipotentiale til $3,7 billioner i 2025. 86% af produktionsledere ser smarte fabrikker som afgørende for konkurrenceevnen.

FDA announced in April 2025 a plan to phase out many animal tests within 3–5 years, starting with monoclonal antibody drugs. Organ-on-a-chip devices, which mimic human organs using living cells, have shown they can identify 87% of drugs causing human liver damage. The global market is projected to reach $1 billion by 2030. EU and US regulators are moving to accept these systems for drug approval.

Airbus operated three private 5G sites in 2024 and plans to replace Wi-Fi with 5G in all industrial areas within five years. Hyundai’s new Georgia factory integrated private 5G using the CBRS band from the design stage. About 1,600 organizations had private networks globally, with 80 countries reporting at least one deployment. Analysts project the private 5G market will reach $5 billion by 2028.

IT emissions account for an estimated 2–4% of global CO2 output and could reach 14% by 2040 without intervention. Datacenters use about 1–1.5% of the world’s electricity. AWS, Microsoft, Google, and Apple have announced targets for renewable energy, carbon neutrality, and recycled materials. AMD reported a 38-fold energy efficiency gain in 2025 and set a new rack-level goal for 2030.

The global digital twin market is projected to reach $73.5 billion by 2027. In November 2024, the U.S. announced a $285 million CHIPS Act grant to establish the SMART USA institute in North Carolina for semiconductor digital twins. Orlando completed an 800-square-mile city twin in 2023, recognized by Fast Company in 2024. Siemens and NVIDIA added real-time ray-tracing to Siemens Teamcenter PLM in 2024.

Google’s Willow quantum chip solved a task in under five minutes in 2024/2025, a calculation that would take a classical supercomputer about 10^25 years. IBM operates quantum processors with over 400 qubits and plans a 1,121-qubit chip. China runs a 2,000 km quantum link between Beijing and Shanghai. Northwestern University demonstrated quantum teleportation over 30 km of fiber alongside regular internet traffic.

FDA approved the first CRISPR-based medicine, Casgevy, for sickle cell disease in December 2023. The first human CRISPR clinical trial began in China in 2016. In 2018, He Jiankui claimed to have created CRISPR-edited babies, leading to global condemnation and prison. Doudna and Charpentier received the 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for CRISPR.