Inovație 4 august 2025 - 29 august 2025

In 2024, Ayar Labs raised $155 million in Series D funding with backing from Nvidia, AMD, and Intel, after demonstrating an 8 Tbps optical chiplet. Intel outsourced silicon photonics transceiver production to Jabil in late 2023, having shipped over 8 million units since 2016. Broadcom and InnoLight showed switch and transceiver prototypes up to 51.2 Tbps and 3.2 Tbps. Analysts project the silicon photonics market to reach $54 billion by 2035.

The global digital twin market is projected to reach $73.5 billion by 2027. Boeing’s T-7A Red Hawk program cut assembly hours by 80% using digital twins. Orlando completed an 800-square-mile digital twin in 2023. The U.S. CHIPS Act launched a $285 million grant in 2024 to create a semiconductor digital twin institute in North Carolina.

Digital technology accounts for 2-4% of global carbon emissions, with projections reaching 14% by 2040 if unchecked. Data centers use 1-1.5% of the world’s electricity. Major tech firms including Amazon, Microsoft, Google, Apple, Dell, HP, Lenovo, Equinix, and Digital Realty have set targets for renewable energy use, carbon neutrality, and emissions cuts, with several already reporting significant progress.

OpenAI researchers circulated an internal memo in late 2023 about a “Q-Star” model reportedly solving primary-level math, fueling AGI speculation. Google DeepMind’s Gemini 1.0 reportedly outperformed GPT-4 on some benchmarks in early 2024. Meta’s LLaMA model leaked in March 2023; LLaMA 2 launched open-source in July. In January 2025, DeepSeek released DeepSeek-V3 and R1, said to rival OpenAI’s top models.

In 2022, researchers reported the first multi-organ chip linking mature human tissues via a vascular flow, all derived from the same stem cells. A Columbia University team kept four human tissues—heart, liver, bone, and skin—alive for weeks on a single chip. The FDA began accepting organ-on-a-chip data for drug approvals and published a roadmap in April 2025 to phase out animal testing within five years. The global market could reach $1 billion by 2030.

China, Japonia, Coreea de Sud, SUA și UE accelerează dezvoltarea 6G, vizând lansări între 2028 și 2030. China a testat conexiuni laser de 100 Gbps satelit-sol, iar Coreea de Sud va demonstra 200 Gbps în 2025. FCC și UE au deschis benzi terahertz pentru teste. 6G promite viteze de până la 1 Tbps și latențe sub o milisecundă, cu aplicații precum holograme, vehicule autonome și telemedicină.

China a conectat la rețea reactorul HTR-PM în 2021, cu exploatare comercială din decembrie 2023. Canada a primit licență pentru un BWRX-300 la Darlington, cu punere în funcțiune estimată în 2028. Costurile primelor unități SMR rămân ridicate, iar studiile indică provocări privind gestionarea deșeurilor nucleare.

Airbus deployed private 5G networks at three European factories by 2024, while Tesla built one at its Berlin Gigafactory. In the US, CBRS spectrum enables enterprise 5G via licensed or unlicensed access. Key vendors include Nokia, Ericsson, Huawei, ZTE, and Celona. Private 5G use cases span manufacturing automation, smart hospitals, logistics, mining, and university campuses.

Microsoft’s market cap topped $4 trillion for the first time after a strong quarter, with shares closing up 4–5%. Meta forecast Q3 revenue well above estimates, sending its stock up 11% after hours. Nvidia briefly surpassed Apple with a $4.4 trillion valuation. Amazon AWS revenue rose 17.5%, but shares fell 7% as capital spending hit $31.4 billion.