Scientists have directly detected methane in the interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS and found its nucleus is larger than expected, about 2.6 km wide, according to new preprints. The findings come from James Webb and Hubble observations in December as the comet dims and leaves the inner solar system. Methane, water, and nickel signals were observed. Only three interstellar visitors have been confirmed in the solar system.

NOAA reported a powerful X8.1 solar flare from active region 4366, with minor impacts expected around February 5. NASA recorded four X-class flares between February 1 and early February 2, including the X8.1 event. U.S. forecasters raised the risk of radio blackouts and see a slight chance of a minor radiation storm in the next two days. Most ejected material is expected to miss Earth.

NASA paused TESS’s exoplanet survey to observe interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS from January 15-22. The satellite’s new pointing coincides with a near-opposition geometry, expected to improve dust measurements. All data will be released immediately, without proprietary period. NASA confirmed 3I/ATLAS poses no threat to Earth.

NASA’s SPHEREx telescope recorded a surge in gas and dust from interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS after its closest approach to the Sun. The comet, only the third confirmed interstellar object in the solar system, will reach opposition on January 22, improving visibility for Earth-based observers. Infrared data showed water vapor emissions 20 times higher than previous readings. NASA found no evidence of artificial origin.